Screening apparatus

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides a vibratory screening apparatus ( 1 ) for use in removing solids from a liquid feed, and a basket ( 4 ) therefore. The apparatus comprises a static outer housing ( 2 ), and a floating basket vibratable by a vibrator device ( 10 ). The basket mounts a stack ( 7 ) of screen assemblies ( 8 ) provided with respective flow directing trays ( 9 ) for receiving filtrates from the screen assemblies. A flow distributor ( 15 ) divides the feed into at least first and a second feed streams and directs them onto respective screen assemblies, and receives from the flow directing trays, filtrates from respective screen assemblies.

The present invention relates to vibratory screening apparatus suitablefor use with drilling fluids, mineral processing, classification, anddewatering, and the like.

Vibratory screening apparatus is widely used in the oil drillingindustry for removing drill cuttings from drilling fluids, and over theyears various improvements have been made to the screens used therein,methods for mounting the screens etc to improve ease of use, reducemaintenance etc. A particular problem in offshore platform oil drillingis, however, that platform real estate is very restricted and extremelyexpensive. There is accordingly a need to improve the efficiency ofvibratory screening apparatus in relation to the physical size thereof.

The present invention provides a vibratory screening apparatus for usein removing solids from a liquid and solids mixture feed, said apparatuscomprising a static outer housing, at least one floating basket mountedso as to be vibratable, in use of the apparatus, by a vibrator deviceformed and arranged for vibrating said basket, said basket mounting astack of screen assemblies, with superposed screen assemblies separatedfrom each other by a respective flow directing tray, said apparatusbeing provided with a flow distributor formed and arranged for dividingsaid feed into at least a first feed stream and a second feed stream anddirecting said feed streams onto respective ones of first and secondscreen assemblies, and receiving filtrate from a respective screenassembly, from said respective flow directing tray(s).

With an apparatus of the present invention, the size of apparatusrequired to process a given volume of feed is substantially reducedcompared with conventional apparatus, since a substantially increasedeffective screen surface area can be accommodated with relatively littleor no increase in the size of the apparatus by means of stacking aplurality of screen assemblies within a single basket and using a flowdistributor to route multiple flows in parallel through differentscreens in the stack.

Advantageously the distributor is formed and arranged so as to beswitchable between a plurality of different flow directingconfigurations. Conveniently said plurality of flow directingconfigurations includes an intensive screening configuration in whichthe whole of the feed is directed onto said first screen assembly andthe whole of the filtrate from said first screen assembly is directedonto said second screen assembly. Alternatively or additionally there isprovided a restricted feed capacity configuration in which the whole ofthe feed is directed onto only one of said first and second screenassemblies, and the filtrate therefrom exhausted directly from theapparatus without passing through the other one said first and secondscreen assemblies. Such a configuration is useful for basic fluidprocessing where high efficiency or high volume processing are notrequired and a reduced number of screens in operation reduces operatingcost for screens consumed.

Advantageously the mesh sizes of the various screens are selected tosuit the particular distributor configuration being employed and/or theloading of the mixture (% solids content), the particle size of thesolids, and/or the particle size distribution of the solids. Thus forexample in a configuration where the feed is divided into one portionpassing through the first screen and not the second, and another portionpassing through the second screen and not the first, the first andsecond screens would normally have the same mesh size. On the other handin a configuration where the whole of the feed is passed successivelythrough both the first and second screens, then the second screen wouldnormally have a finer mesh size than the first screen.

In general the distributor will comprise a plurality of passagesprovided with valves, typically flap valves, sleeve valves or plugvalves, or closure plates etc, for selective opening or closing ofdifferent passages. The distributor may be mounted in either the statichousing or on the floating basket. It is also possible, in principle,for part of the distributor to be mounted in the static housing and parton the floating basket. Where a greater or lesser part of thedistributor is mounted in the static housing, then the distributor isgenerally provided with flexible conduit portions defining at least partof the passages, for coupling the passages from the static housing tothe floating basket.

The passages of the distributor may be defined in various differentways. Conveniently they are defined by walls extending downwardly insidea downwardly extending chamber so as to provide a lateral subdivision ofthe chamber into individual passages providing predetermined proportionsof the distributor flow capacity. Thus, for example, the distributor maybe formed and arranged with one or more first flow passages fortransmitting said first feed stream, and one or more second flowpassages for transmitting said second feed stream.

It is generally preferred that vibratory screen apparatus should have aplurality of screen assembly stages with decreasing mesh size, i.e.meshes of successively finer cut. It will accordingly be appreciatedthat in addition to having first and second screen assemblies, withsimilar mesh size, formed and arranged for intercepting said first andsecond feed streams respectively, the vibratory basket may also have oneor more further screen assemblies with different mesh size upstreamand/or downstream of said first and second screen assemblies.Conveniently there is provided upstream of first and second screenassemblies, an initial, coarser mesh size, screen assembly and thevibratory screening apparatus is formed and arranged so thatsubstantially the whole of the liquid and solids mixture feed isdirected through said initial screen assembly, before being divided intosaid at least first and second feed streams. In such cases there wouldgenerally be used an initial screen assembly with a mesh size of around10 to 80 (wires per inch), for example, about 20, and the first andsecond screen assemblies would have a mesh size of around 40 to 325,conveniently 100 to 250 for example about 200. In yet another possibledistributor configuration which could also be provided, the feed ispassed only through the initial coarse screen.

It will also be appreciated that, whilst in accordance with normalpractice, all of the separated out solids are disposed of in one way oranother, in certain cases it is advantageous to retain within therecycled drilling mud fluid, some solids within a particular size range.Typically these may comprise one or more of sized salt, sized calciumcarbonate, and other suitable solids, which are selected to be of a sizecompatible with minimising formation damage during drilling of aspecific formation such as an oil reservoir or a zone where fluid can belost to the formation. In this instance solids above a specified sizecan be removed with a top screen and rejected, while solids of a smallersize but greater than a second size, can be separated with the secondscreen and subsequently returned to the drilling fluid mud system, withsolids smaller than those removed by the second screen but larger than athird size, may be removed with a third screen and rejected. In othercases it may be desirable to return only the largest size particlefraction separated out at the first screen, for return to the drillingfluid where this is used in formations with particularly large poresize.

Various screen assemblies and screen mounting systems may be used in theapparatus and baskets of the present invention, including, for example,those described in our earlier patent publication WO 03/013690.

The floating basket may be mounted in any convenient manner known in theart. Typically there is used a resilient mounting such as a coil springor rubber block mounting, and the basket vibrated with an eccentricallyrotating weight drive. Other forms of resilient mounting may be moreconvenient with other forms of drive, for example, a leaf springmounting, with the basket being vibrated with an electromagneticdisplacement drive being used to displace the basket against the returnforce of the spring mounting

In a further aspect the present invention provides a basket suitable foruse in a vibratory screening apparatus, said basket mounting a stack ofscreen assemblies, with superposed screen assemblies separated from eachother by a respective flow directing tray, and being provided with aflow distributor formed and arranged for dividing said feed into atleast a first feed stream and a second feed stream and directing saidfeed streams onto respective ones of first and second screen assemblies,and receiving filtrate from a respective screen assembly, from saidrespective flow directing tray(s).

In another aspect the present invention provides a vibratory screeningapparatus for use in removing solids from a liquid and solids mixturefeed, said apparatus comprising a static outer housing, at least onefloating basket mounted so as to be vibratable, in use of the apparatus,by a vibrator device formed and arranged for vibrating said basket, saidbasket mounting a stack of screen assemblies separated by flow directingtrays, said apparatus being provided with a flow distributor formed andarranged for dividing said feed into at least a first feed stream and asecond feed stream and directing said feed streams onto respective onesof first and second screen assemblies, and receiving from respectiveflow directing trays, respective filtrates from said respective screenassemblies.

In a yet further aspect the present invention provides a basket suitablefor use in a vibratory screening apparatus, said basket mounting a stackof screen assemblies separated by flow directing trays, and beingprovided with a flow distributor formed and arranged for dividing saidfeed into at least a first feed stream and a second feed stream anddirecting said feed streams onto respective ones of first and secondscreen assemblies, and receiving from respective flow directing trays,respective filtrates from said respective screen assemblies.

Further preferred features and advantages of the invention will appearfrom the following detailed description given by way of example ofpreferred embodiments illustrated with reference to the accompanyingdrawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional elevation of a vibratory screeningapparatus of the present invention;

FIGS. 2A to 4B are schematic vertical sections illustrating differentflow paths through the stacked screens with different configurations ofthe flow distributor set up for parallel and series operation;

FIGS. 5A-C are schematic perspective end views of the basket of theapparatus also illustrating the flow paths in various differentconfigurations of the flow distributor;

FIG. 6 is a side elevation of a modified apparatus with a static flowdistributor connected to a floating vibratory apparatus;

FIG. 7 is a partly cut-away schematic perspective view of a furtherembodiment showing one module of a twin-module apparatus set up forparallel operation;

FIGS. 8A and 8B are vertical sections of the apparatus of FIG. 7 at Aand B;

FIGS. 9-10 are corresponding views of the apparatus of FIGS. 7-8, set upfor series operation;

FIGS. 11-12 are schematic general side elevations of vibratory screenapparatus of the invention showing the housing; and

FIG. 13 is a schematic perspective view of the apparatus of FIG. 12.

FIG. 1 shows schematically one embodiment of a vibratory screenapparatus 1 of the invention with an outer housing (indicatedschematically) 2, in which is mounted on springs 3, a basket 4. (Seebelow for more detailed description of housing.) The basket is generallybox shaped with pairs of circumferentially extending inwardly projectingflanges 5 height on the basket side walls 6, for supporting respectiveones of a stack 7 of screen assemblies 8 separated by flow directingtrays 9. A vibrator unit 10 is secured to the top 11 of the basket.(Alternatively, the vibrator 10 could be mounted on a side of the basket4, or incorporated into or within the structure of the basket 4. Theinterior 12 of the basket 4 is divided into a series of levels 13between neighbouring screen assemblies 8 and flow directing trays 9.

FIGS. 2A/B to 4A/B show schematically a distributor 15 provided at oneend 16 of the floating basket 4. The distributor 15 is formed andarranged into inside and outside passages 17, 18 shown in FIGS. 2A to4A, and 2B to 4B, respectively, for connecting with the various levels13 of the interior 12 of the basket 4 via openings 19 controlled by flapvalves 20. In some cases the flap valves 20 are additionally used tocontrol openings 21 along the length of the passages 17, 18 in certainpositions of said flap valves 20, as further described hereinbelow.

FIGS. 2A/B, 3A/B and 4A/B show different configurations of thedistributor 15 for providing different feed flow arrangements throughthe screen assemblies 8, which are indicated as A, B and C,respectively, in FIGS. 2 to 5.

In more detail FIG. 2A shows the inside passage 17 and interior 12 ofthe basket 14, with an upper flap valve 20′ raised to open an upperconnecting opening 19′ connecting the passage 17 and first level 13 ¹above the upper flow deflector tray 9′. An intermediate flap valve 20″is raised to close an intermediate connecting opening 19″ connecting thepassage 17 and second level 13 ² between the upper and lower flowdeflector trays 9′, 9″ whilst simultaneously opening an intermediatelevel opening 21′ in passage 17. A lower flap valve 20′″ is lowered toopen a lower connecting opening 19′″ connecting the passage 17 and afourth level 134 below the lower flow deflector tray 9″. In thisconfiguration it may be seen that a feed 22 of liquid and solids ispassed through a coarse mesh, (typically mesh size 20) upper screen 8′and the filtrate 23 passed along the upper flow deflector tray 9′ intopassage 17 and thence, bypassing a first, mid-level, screen 8″, onto asecond, low-level, screen 8′″. In this configuration the whole of thefeed 22 is passed through the coarse screen 8′ and only one of the firstand second screens 8″, 8′″.

FIG. 3B shows the distributor 15 configured so that the upper flap valve20′ is raised to open the upper connecting opening 19′, the intermediateflap valve 20″ is lowered to open the intermediate connecting opening19″ whilst simultaneously closing the intermediate level passage opening21′, and the lower flap 20′″ is lowered to open the lower connectingopening 19′″ whilst closing a bottom passage opening 21″ as before. Inthis configuration the whole of the feed 22 is passed through the coarsescreen 8′ and then successively through each of the first and secondscreens 8″, 8′″ thereby providing a more progressively finer screeningof the feed (by using a finer mesh size in the second screen than in thefirst screen).

FIG. 4A shows the distributor in the inside passage 17 configured sothat the upper flap valve 20′ is raised as before. The intermediate flapvalve 20″ is lowered so as to open the intermediate connecting opening19″ whilst simultaneously closing the intermediate level passage opening21′ and the lower flap 20′″ is raised to close the lower connectingopening 19′″ whilst opening the bottom passage opening 21′″. In thisconfiguration of the inside passage 17 in the distributor 15, that part23′ of the filtrate 23 from the coarse screen 8′ passing into the insidepassage 17, is directed onto the first screen 8″ and then out of thebottom opening 21″ of the inside passage 17, by-passing the secondscreen 8′″. The outside passage 18 is configured as in FIG. 2A so thatthe remaining part 23″ of the filtrate 23 from the coarse screen 8′passing into the outside passage 18, is directed onto the second screen8′″ by-passing the first screen 8″. It will be appreciated that in thisconfiguration of the distributor 15, the screen area available forscreening of the feed 22 is effectively double that used in FIG. 2A/Band that available in a conventional vibratory screening apparatusbasket of similar footprint.

FIGS. 5A-C are schematic perspective views of the end 16 of the basket 4to which the distributor 15 is coupled but with the distributor 15substantially removed for clarity, showing the flows in and out of thevarious openings 19 connecting the distributor 15 to the interior 12 ofthe basket 4.

FIG. 6 shows schematically another embodiment in which there is used adistributor 24 mounted on the static housing 2 and with its connectingopenings 19 coupled to the corresponding levels 25 inside the floatingbasket 4 by flexible conduits 26.

FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment of a screening apparatus 27 of theinvention which has identical twin modules 28, 29 (only one shown indetail). Each module has a first, coarse mesh, upper, scalping, deck 30with a first, coarse mesh, screen 31 above a flow back tray 32. Fluid 33to be screened is retained on the screen 31 by an end wall 34.

Below the first deck tray 32 is disposed a second deck 35 comprising asecond screen 36 above a respective flowback tray 37. A certain amountof fluid 38 is retained on the second screen 36 by a weir 39 provided atthe lower end 40 thereof. When the flow rate of the feed of fluid 33 tobe screened, exceeds the capacity of the second screen, part 41 of thefluid 38 overflows the weir 39 either directly into one or other of twovertically extending conduits 42 at opposite sides of the module 28, oronto one or other of two sloping deflector plates 43 which divert itinto a respective one of the conduit 42, as shown by the single headedfluid flow arrows in FIGS. 7-8.

At the bottom 44 of the vertical conduits 42 are provided rearwardlyfacing openings 45 through which the diverted fluid 41 is directed ontothe screen 46 of a third deck 47 disposed below the second deck 35. Thusthis part 41 of the fluid flow 33 passes through the first deck screen31 and the third deck screen 46, by-passing the second deck screen 36(see also FIGS. 8A and 8B, in which FIG. 8A is a section through acentral vertical plane at A, which extends through a central portion 48of the module 28, with the deflector plates 43; and FIG. 8B is avertical section through one of the vertically extending side conduits42).

That part 38 of the fluid 33 retained on the second screen 36 is passedthrough the second deck screen 36 (the solid particulate material 49retained thereon being “walked up” the screen 36 in the usual way—seeFIG. 8B), as indicated by the double headed arrows 50. This part 50 ofthe fluid flow 33, is then passed through a second deck end wall opening51 and down a central vertically extending conduit 52 underneath thedeflector plates 43. A closure panel 53 seals a third deck end wallopening 54, below the second deck end wall opening 51, therebypreventing this part 50 of the fluid flow 33 from entering the thirddeck 47. A bottom opening 55 in the central vertical conduit 52 allowsthis fluid flow 50 to pass into the sump 56 of the apparatus 28 where itrejoins the other part 38 of the fluid flow 33, the respective parts 41and 38, 50 of the fluid flow 33, being passed through the first deckscreen 31 and then, in parallel, through,a respective one of the secondand third deck screens 36, 46.

The module 28 as described above, may be readily reconfigured for serialoperation whereby the whole of the fluid is passes through each one ofthe first, second and third deck screens, 31, 36, 46, as shown in FIGS.9-10. In more detail the weir 39 is replaced by a high wall 57 whichensures that the whole of the fluid flow 33 is passed through the seconddeck screen 36. As before, the fluid flow 58 then passes out through thesecond deck end wall opening 51 into the central vertical conduit 52. Inthis configuration, the bottom opening 55 is sealed by a closure plate59 whilst the closure panel 53 of the third deck end wall opening 54 isopened so that the fluid flow 58 is routed from the central verticalconduit 52 into the third deck 47 and passed through the screen 46thereof into the sump 56.

Each of the first and second modules 28, 29, would normally beconfigured in the same way, but if desired they could be configureddifferently i.e. one for parallel (2 screen) operation and one forseries (3 screen) operation. Also single screen operation is possiblewhen required, by removing one or two screens from the or eachmodule—depending on the configuration of the modules and the fluid feedarrangement. In addition the fluid feed to the apparatus can be arrangedto be directed to either or both of the modules (see also furtherdiscussion hereinbelow with reference to FIG. 13). With thesignificantly increased fluid processing capacity of the apparatus (inparallel mode) it will be appreciated that occasions will arise when thefluid feed is insufficient to maintain a high fluid level and shortbeach length on the screens, which can result in drying of theparticulate solids on the beach portion of the screen and damage to thescreens therefrom, and/or reduced efficiency of transportation of theparticulate solids up the beach for discharge from the screen. In suchcircumstances damage to the screens can be minimized by restricting thefluid feed to only one of the twin modules.

A particular advantage of this type of embodiment is that, in itsparallel configuration, a more even and controlled distribution of thefluid flow across the width of the module is obtained, thereby providinga more efficient screening. Another significant advantage is asignificantly increased fluid screening capacity—which can approachalmost 100% greater than with conventional screening apparatus of thesame footprint.

It will also be appreciated that various parameters of the modules maybe made further configurable. Thus, for example, the weir height couldbe configurable for a series of different heights. Also the relativeproportions of the central and side, vertical conduits could be selectedto accommodate particular desired flow capacity proportions for thedifferent fluid flow parts in parallel mode operation.

It will further be appreciated that various modifications may be made tothe above embodiments without departing from the scope of the presentinvention. Thus, for example, in place of a flow distributor systembased on the use of closure plates and/or flap valves, there could beused one based on proportional valves and the like.

FIGS. 11 to 13 show a vibratory screening apparatus 1 of the inventionwith a generally conventional form of static outer housing 2, in whichis mounted on springs 3, and a basket 4 with a vibrator device 10. Inmore detail the static housing 2 has a base support 60 which includes asump 61 for receiving filtrate 62 from the basket 4, and a feed devicesupport portion 63 mounting a feed device 64. The feed device 64comprises a header tank 65 for receiving a liquid and solids mixturefeed 66, and having a feed chute 67 extending out therefrom above thebasket 4 so as to pass said feed 66 into the basket 4. In the case ofFIG. 11, there is provided a static flow distributor 24 mounted on theheader tank portion 65 of the static housing 2, and coupled to thefloating basket 4 via flexible conduits 26. In the case of FIGS. 12 and13, the flow distributor 15 is incorporated in the floating basket 4.

In the apparatus shown in FIG. 13 it may be seen that the basket 4 has alateral divider 68 separating the basket into two independently operablebasket feed processing modules 69,70, and the (common) housing 2 has twoseparate feed chutes 71,72 extending from the header tank 65 and formedand arranged for directing said liquid and solids mixture feed 66A, 66Bto respective ones of said basket feed processing modules 69,70. Thechutes 71,72 are provided with respective control gates 73,74 forcontrolling supply of feed 66 from the header tank 65, so that the userhas the option of using only one or other, or both, of the modules69,70, when required—as discussed hereinbefore.

1. A basket suitable for use in a vibratory screening apparatus, for usein removing solids from a liquid and solids mixture feed, said basketmounting a stack of screen assemblies, with superposed screen assembliesseparated from each other by a respective flow directing tray, and beingprovided with a flow distributor formed and arranged for dividing thefeed into at least a first feed stream and a second feed stream anddirecting said feed streams onto respective ones of first and secondscreen assemblies, and receiving filtrate from a respective screenassembly, from said respective flow directing tray(s).
 2. A basketaccording to claim 1, mounted in a said vibratory screening apparatusfor use in removing solids from a liquid and solids mixture feed, saidapparatus comprising a static outer housing, said housing comprising: abase support formed and arranged for mounting at least one said basketin floating manner so as to be vibratable, in use of the apparatus, by avibrator device formed and arranged for vibrating said basket, said basesupport having a sump for receiving filtrate from said basket, and saidhousing having a feed device formed and arranged for directing saidliquid and solids mixture feed to said basket mounted in said basesupport.
 3. A basket as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein said flowdistributor is formed and arranged so as to be switchable between aplurality of different flow directing configurations.
 4. A basket asclaimed in claim 3 wherein said plurality of flow directingconfigurations includes an intensive screening configuration in whichthe whole of the feed is directed onto said first screen assembly andthe whole of the filtrate from said first screen assembly is directedonto said second screen assembly.
 5. A basket as claimed in claim 3 orclaim 4 wherein said plurality of flow directing configurations includesa restricted feed capacity configuration in which the whole of the feedis directed onto only one of said first and second screen assemblies,and the filtrate therefrom exhausted directly from the apparatus withoutpassing through the other one said first and second screen assemblies.6. A basket as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein said baskethas a stack of at least three screen assemblies.
 7. A basket as claimedin claim 6 wherein at least one said screen assembly has a differentmesh size from at least one other said screen assembly.
 8. A basket asclaimed in claim 6 or claim 7 wherein said first and second screenassemblies have the same mesh size.
 9. A basket as claimed in any one ofclaims 1 to 8 wherein said flow distributor defines a plurality of flowpathways provided with flow control devices, for selective opening or,at least partial, closing of different passages.
 10. A basket as claimedin claim 9 wherein at least one said flow control device is selectedfrom flap valves, sleeve valves, plug valves, and closure plates.
 11. Abasket as claimed in claim 9 or claim 10 wherein at least one said flowcontrol device is comprised by a weir, formed and arrange forsub-dividing a said feed into a said first feed stream passing over saidweir and a said second feed stream not passing over said weir.
 12. Abasket as claimed in claim 11 wherein said weir comprises a variableheight weir.
 13. A basket as claimed in any one of claims 9 to 12wherein said flow distributor includes at least one wall formed andarranged for defining a plurality of laterally adjacent flow pathways.14. A basket as claimed in any one of claims 1 to
 13. wherein thedistributor is mounted on the basket.
 15. A basket as claimed in any oneof claims 1 to 13 wherein the distributor is coupled to the basket byflexible conduits.
 16. A basket as claimed in claim 2 or any one ofclaims 3 to 15 when dependent on claim 2, wherein said basket forms partof a multi-basket assembly comprising a plurality of said baskets,mounted in said static housing, and wherein said housing has a feeddistribution device formed and arranged for directing said liquid andsolids mixture feed to any one or more of said plurality of baskets. 17.A basket as claimed in claim 2 or any one of claims 3 to 15 whendependent on claim 2, wherein said basket includes a lateral dividerdefining independent feed processing modules, and wherein said housinghas a feed distribution device formed and arranged for directing saidliquid and solids mixture feed to any one or more of said basket feedprocessing modules.